Oriental Culture Holding LTD
OCG Consumer Cyclical Internet Retail
Oriental Culture Holding LTD’s revenue for fiscal 2025 (year ended December 2025) was $1.9 million, up 203.3% from fiscal 2024.
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Oriental Culture Holding LTD (OCG) Beneish M-score
Oriental Culture Holding LTD's Beneish M-score for fiscal 2025 is 4.06; values above −1.78 are the model's flag for possible earnings manipulation — a statistical screen, not a finding.
Beneish M-score, annual
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Annual newest first
| Period | Beneish M-score | Change (points) |
|---|---|---|
| FY2025 | 4.06 | 2.51 |
| FY2024 | 1.55 | 6.24 |
| FY2023 | −4.69 | (7.33) |
| FY2022 | 2.64 | 2.56 |
| FY2021 | 0.08 | 2.74 |
| FY2020 | −2.66 | (0.94) |
| FY2019 | −1.72 | — |
How fiscal 2025’s score is made up
| Component | This year | Year before | Result | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Days’ sales in receivables index | 6.46 | — | 5.94 | |
| Gross margin index | 0.83 | — | 0.44 | |
| Asset quality index | 0.35 | — | 0.14 | |
| Sales growth index | 3.03 | — | 2.71 | |
| Depreciation index | 1.64 | — | 0.19 | |
| SG&A index | 0.45 | — | −0.08 | |
| Total accruals to total assets | (0.06) | — | −0.28 | |
| Leverage index | 0.48 | — | −0.16 | |
| Beneish M-score | Flagged by the model | 4.06 | ||
How the Beneish M-score works
M = −4.84 + 0.920 × DSRI + 0.528 × GMI + 0.404 × AQI + 0.892 × SGI + 0.115 × DEPI − 0.172 × SGAI + 4.679 × TATA − 0.327 × LVGI (Beneish, 1999): eight changes in the accounts from one fiscal year to the next, which the model weighs for the pattern seen in companies that later restated their earnings. Higher is worse.
| below −2.22 | Low — no pattern the model associates with manipulation |
|---|---|
| −2.22 to −1.78 | Elevated |
| above −1.78 | Flagged by the model |
−1.78 is the cut-off usually quoted from the paper, −2.22 a common conservative one. A statistical screen, not a finding of wrongdoing.
When asset quality, depreciation or SG&A cannot be worked out, that index is set to 1, as Beneish did, and the breakdown says so; with all three missing there is no score. Depreciation includes amortisation, and asset quality leaves out securities. Not worked out for banks, insurers and REITs.
Beneish M-score against peers
| Company | Beneish M-score |
|---|---|
| PIKM Kidpik Corp. compare | −9.0× |
| JWEL Jowell Global Ltd. compare | −4.8× |
| WBUY WeBuy Global Ltd. compare | −4.7× |
| SBDS Solo Brands, Inc. compare | −4.2× |
| YJ Yunji Inc. Sponsored ADR compare | −3.8× |
| UZX Linkage Global Inc. compare | −3.3× |
| IPW iPower Inc. compare | −3.2× |
| OCG Oriental Culture Holding LTD | 4.1× |
| NHTC Natural Health Trends Corp. compare | — |
What Beneish M-score is
The Beneish M-Score combines eight year-on-year changes in the accounts into a statistical screen for patterns seen in companies that overstated earnings.
−4.84 + 0.920 × DSRI + 0.528 × GMI + 0.404 × AQI + 0.892 × SGI + 0.115 × DEPI − 0.172 × SGAI + 4.679 × TATA − 0.327 × LVGI