Lead Real Estate Co., Ltd. Unsponsored ADR
LRE Real Estate Real Estate Development
Lead Real Estate Co., Ltd. Unsponsored ADR’s revenue for fiscal 2025 (year ended June 2025) was $126.2 million, down 0.57% from fiscal 2024. Operating cash flow growth for three consecutive years.
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Lead Real Estate Co., Ltd. Unsponsored ADR (LRE) Beneish M-score
Lead Real Estate Co., Ltd. Unsponsored ADR's Beneish M-score for fiscal 2025 cannot be worked out: not meaningful for banks, insurers and REITs.
Beneish M-score, annual
Annual newest first
| Period | Beneish M-score | Change (points) |
|---|
How fiscal 2025’s score is made up
| Component | This year | Year before | Result | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Days’ sales in receivables index | 1.69 | — | 1.56 | |
| Gross margin index | 0.79 | — | 0.42 | |
| Asset quality index | 0.96 | — | 0.39 | |
| Sales growth index | 0.99 | — | 0.89 | |
| Depreciation index | 0.99 | — | 0.11 | |
| SG&A index | 1.11 | — | −0.19 | |
| Total accruals to total assets | (0.12) | — | −0.56 | |
| Leverage index | 0.95 | — | −0.31 | |
| Beneish M-score | n/a — not meaningful for banks, insurers and REITs | — | ||
How the Beneish M-score works
M = −4.84 + 0.920 × DSRI + 0.528 × GMI + 0.404 × AQI + 0.892 × SGI + 0.115 × DEPI − 0.172 × SGAI + 4.679 × TATA − 0.327 × LVGI (Beneish, 1999): eight changes in the accounts from one fiscal year to the next, which the model weighs for the pattern seen in companies that later restated their earnings. Higher is worse.
| below −2.22 | Low — no pattern the model associates with manipulation |
|---|---|
| −2.22 to −1.78 | Elevated |
| above −1.78 | Flagged by the model |
−1.78 is the cut-off usually quoted from the paper, −2.22 a common conservative one. A statistical screen, not a finding of wrongdoing.
When asset quality, depreciation or SG&A cannot be worked out, that index is set to 1, as Beneish did, and the breakdown says so; with all three missing there is no score. Depreciation includes amortisation, and asset quality leaves out securities. Not worked out for banks, insurers and REITs.
Beneish M-score against peers
| Company | Beneish M-score |
|---|---|
| TPHS Trinity Place Holdings Inc. compare | — |
| LRE Lead Real Estate Co., Ltd. Unsponsored ADR | — |
| AEI Alset Inc. compare | — |
| FPH Five Point Holdings, LLC compare | — |
| AXR AMREP Corporation compare | — |
| OZ Belpointe PREP, LLC compare | — |
| RENX RenX Enterprises Corp. compare | — |
| LPA Logistic Properties of the Americas compare | — |
| MRNO Murano Global BV compare | — |
What Beneish M-score is
The Beneish M-Score combines eight year-on-year changes in the accounts into a statistical screen for patterns seen in companies that overstated earnings.
−4.84 + 0.920 × DSRI + 0.528 × GMI + 0.404 × AQI + 0.892 × SGI + 0.115 × DEPI − 0.172 × SGAI + 4.679 × TATA − 0.327 × LVGI