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Alphabet Inc.

GOOG Communication Services Internet Content & Information

Alphabet Inc.’s revenue for fiscal 2025 (year ended December 2025) was $402.8 billion, up 15.1% from fiscal 2024. In the quarter to June 2026, revenue grew 24.2%, EPS grew 296.1%, free cash flow fell 210.5% and total debt rose 315.8%, each against the same quarter a year earlier. Member of the S&P 500 and Nasdaq 100; dividend growth for three consecutive years, revenue growth for ten, operating cash flow growth for three.

347.86 3.00 +0.87%
Market cap
$4.24T
P/E
17.3×
Fwd P/E
—
Dividend yield
0.25%
F-score
7/9
Altman Z
15.03
Beneish M
−2.64
Dividend safety
85/100
Overview Business Profile Financial Analysis Income Statement Balance Sheet Cash Flow Metrics & Ratios Filings 10-Q 10-K

Alphabet Inc. (GOOG) Beneish M-score

Alert me on Beneish M-score

Alphabet Inc.'s Beneish M-score for fiscal 2025 is −2.64; values above −1.78 are the model's flag for possible earnings manipulation — a statistical screen, not a finding.

Beneish M-score, annual

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Annual newest first

Period Beneish M-score Change (points)
FY2025 −2.64 (0.05)
FY2024 −2.60 0.01
FY2023 −2.61 0.20
FY2022 −2.81 (0.46)
FY2021 −2.35 0.39
FY2020 −2.74 (0.19)
FY2019 −2.55 0.14
FY2018 −2.69 0.13
FY2017 −2.83 0.06
FY2016 −2.89 (0.33)

How fiscal 2025’s score is made up

Component This year Year before Result Points
Days’ sales in receivables index 1.04 — 0.96
Gross margin index 0.98 — 0.52
Asset quality index 0.93 — 0.38
Sales growth index 1.15 — 1.03
Depreciation index 1.04 — 0.12
SG&A index 1.04 — −0.18
Total accruals to total assets (0.05) — −0.26
Leverage index 1.13 — −0.37
Beneish M-score Low — no pattern the model associates with manipulation −2.64

How the Beneish M-score works

M = −4.84 + 0.920 × DSRI + 0.528 × GMI + 0.404 × AQI + 0.892 × SGI + 0.115 × DEPI − 0.172 × SGAI + 4.679 × TATA − 0.327 × LVGI (Beneish, 1999): eight changes in the accounts from one fiscal year to the next, which the model weighs for the pattern seen in companies that later restated their earnings. Higher is worse.

below −2.22Low — no pattern the model associates with manipulation
−2.22 to −1.78Elevated
above −1.78Flagged by the model

−1.78 is the cut-off usually quoted from the paper, −2.22 a common conservative one. A statistical screen, not a finding of wrongdoing.

When asset quality, depreciation or SG&A cannot be worked out, that index is set to 1, as Beneish did, and the breakdown says so; with all three missing there is no score. Depreciation includes amortisation, and asset quality leaves out securities. Not worked out for banks, insurers and REITs.

Beneish M-score against peers

Company Beneish M-score
PINS Pinterest, Inc. compare −3.5×
SNAP Snap Inc. compare −3.1×
MTCH Match Group Inc. compare −3.0×
META Meta Platforms, Inc. compare −3.0×
GOOGL Alphabet Inc. compare −2.6×
GOOG Alphabet Inc. −2.6×
SPOT Spotify Technology compare −2.6×
RDDT Reddit Inc. compare −2.2×
BIDU Baidu, Inc. compare −2.0×

What Beneish M-score is

The Beneish M-Score combines eight year-on-year changes in the accounts into a statistical screen for patterns seen in companies that overstated earnings.

−4.84 + 0.920 × DSRI + 0.528 × GMI + 0.404 × AQI + 0.892 × SGI + 0.115 × DEPI − 0.172 × SGAI + 4.679 × TATA − 0.327 × LVGI

The full definition of Beneish M-score →

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