ETAO International Co., Ltd.
ETAOF Healthcare Health Information Services
ETAO International Co., Ltd.’s revenue for fiscal 2022 (year ended December 2022) was $58.1 million. Operating cash flow growth for five consecutive years.
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ETAO International Co., Ltd. (ETAOF) Beneish M-score
ETAO International Co., Ltd.'s Beneish M-score for fiscal 2022 is −89.57; values above −1.78 are the model's flag for possible earnings manipulation — a statistical screen, not a finding.
Beneish M-score, annual
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Annual newest first
| Period | Beneish M-score | Change (points) |
|---|---|---|
| FY2022 | −89.57 | — |
How fiscal 2022’s score is made up
| Component | This year | Year before | Result | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Days’ sales in receivables index | 0.85 | — | 0.79 | |
| Gross margin index | 0.93 | — | 0.49 | |
| Asset quality index | 0.21 | — | 0.09 | |
| Sales growth index | 1.09 | — | 0.97 | |
| Depreciation index | 0.81 | — | 0.09 | |
| SG&A index | 33.35 | — | −5.74 | |
| Total accruals to total assets | (17.13) | — | −80.16 | |
| Leverage index | 3.86 | — | −1.26 | |
| Beneish M-score | Low — no pattern the model associates with manipulation | −89.57 | ||
How the Beneish M-score works
M = −4.84 + 0.920 × DSRI + 0.528 × GMI + 0.404 × AQI + 0.892 × SGI + 0.115 × DEPI − 0.172 × SGAI + 4.679 × TATA − 0.327 × LVGI (Beneish, 1999): eight changes in the accounts from one fiscal year to the next, which the model weighs for the pattern seen in companies that later restated their earnings. Higher is worse.
| below −2.22 | Low — no pattern the model associates with manipulation |
|---|---|
| −2.22 to −1.78 | Elevated |
| above −1.78 | Flagged by the model |
−1.78 is the cut-off usually quoted from the paper, −2.22 a common conservative one. A statistical screen, not a finding of wrongdoing.
When asset quality, depreciation or SG&A cannot be worked out, that index is set to 1, as Beneish did, and the breakdown says so; with all three missing there is no score. Depreciation includes amortisation, and asset quality leaves out securities. Not worked out for banks, insurers and REITs.
Beneish M-score against peers
| Company | Beneish M-score |
|---|---|
| ETAOF ETAO International Co., Ltd. | −89.6× |
| ACON Aclarion, Inc. compare | −7.5× |
| RNLXY Renalytix plc - Sponsored ADR compare | −4.7× |
| ZCMD Zhongchao Inc. compare | −4.2× |
| HCTI Healthcare Triangle, Inc. compare | 0.6× |
| MGRX Mangoceuticals, Inc. compare | — |
| BFRG Bullfrog AI Holdings Inc. compare | — |
| HLTHQ Cue Health Inc. compare | — |
| BEAT HeartBeam, Inc. compare | — |
What Beneish M-score is
The Beneish M-Score combines eight year-on-year changes in the accounts into a statistical screen for patterns seen in companies that overstated earnings.
−4.84 + 0.920 × DSRI + 0.528 × GMI + 0.404 × AQI + 0.892 × SGI + 0.115 × DEPI − 0.172 × SGAI + 4.679 × TATA − 0.327 × LVGI