Old Dominion Freight Line, Inc. ODFL

Indexes indicate stock being part of an index,
Growth Flags show if company had growth for consecutive years

Financial statements are limited to most recent four years or quarters for non-powerpack users

Ten years worth of data (where available), most important trends and XLS exports are available for our Powerpack users.

A Cash Flow Statement is a financial report that details the cash inflows and outflows of a company over a specific period. It is divided into three sections: operating activities, investing activities, and financing activities. This statement helps assess the company’s liquidity, solvency, and overall financial health. By tracking cash movements, it provides insights into the company's ability to generate cash to fund operations, pay debts, and invest in growth. Businesses and investors use it to evaluate the sustainability of a company's cash flow and its financial stability.

Jun '26 Mar '26 Dec '25 Sep '25 Jun '25 Mar '25 Dec '24 Sep '24 Jun '24 Mar '24 Dec '23 Sep '23 Jun '23 Mar '23 Dec '22 Sep '22 Jun '22 Mar '22 Dec '21 Sep '21 Jun '21 Mar '21 Dec '20 Sep '20 Jun '20 Mar '20 Dec '19 Sep '19 Jun '19 Mar '19 Dec '18 Sep '18 Jun '18 Mar '18 Dec '17 Sep '17 Jun '17 Mar '17 Dec '16 Sep '16 Jun '16 Mar '16
Net Income 1,089.28 1,007.30 1,023.70 1,057.38 ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Depreciation & Amortization 368.91 367.86 364.69 360.83 ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Non Cash Items (Other) 1.05 17.62 22.20 13.72 ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Accounts Receivable Change 85.55 ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Accounts Payable Change (19.82) ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Change in payables and accrued liability 18.23 ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Income tax paid 32.36 ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Change in other assets and liabilities (86.06) (7.75) (61.39) (49.16) ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Other operating activities 30.29 ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Operating Cash Flow 1,394.10 1,407.25 1,370.13 1,460.90 ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Capital expenditures (198.47) (336.24) (366.51) (525.29) ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Short Term Investments Change (Net) ‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡
Other investing activities 3.27 (0.76) (3.72) ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Investing cash flow (195.31) (336.14) (366.41) (525.19) ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Repayment/Issuance of Debt (Net) (40.00) (20.00) 25.00 ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Equity Repurchase (Common, Net) (545.47) (617.40) (730.34) (787.95) ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Dividends Paid (Total) (237.78) (236.64) (235.64) (232.62) ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Other financial activities (5.67) (6.18) (6.33) 32.29 ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Financing cash flow (938.91) (880.22) (992.31) (963.28) ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Change in Cash 259.88 190.88 11.42 (27.57) ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Beginning Cash 120.09 120.09 108.68 108.68 ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Ending Cash 379.97 310.98 120.09 81.11 ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Stock Based Compensation 51.18 ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Dividends Paid (Common) (237.78) (236.64) (235.64) (232.62) ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡ ‡‡‡ ‡‡‡ ‡‡‡
Assets Liabilities Change (Total) (65.13) 13.18 (40.46) 28.97 ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Investments Change (Net) ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡
Issuance/Purchase of Shares (545.47) (617.40) (730.34) (787.95) ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡ ‡‡‡‡‡