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Ford Motor Company

F Consumer Cyclical Auto Manufacturers

Ford Motor Company’s revenue for fiscal 2025 (year ended December 2025) was $187.3 billion, up 1.23% from fiscal 2024. Member of the S&P 500; revenue growth for five consecutive years, operating cash flow growth for three; insiders bought in the last twelve months.

12.28 0.13 +1.07%
Market cap
$48.6B
P/E
0.0×
Dividend yield
4.94%
F-score
3/9
Altman Z
0.81
Beneish M
−2.34
Dividend safety
25/100
Overview Business Profile Financial Analysis Income Statement Balance Sheet Cash Flow Metrics & Ratios Filings 10-Q 10-K

Ford Motor Company (F) Beneish M-score

Alert me on Beneish M-score

Ford Motor Company's Beneish M-score for fiscal 2025 is −2.34; values above −1.78 are the model's flag for possible earnings manipulation — a statistical screen, not a finding.

Beneish M-score, annual

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Annual newest first

Period Beneish M-score Change (points)
FY2025 −2.34 0.32
FY2024 −2.66 (0.01)
FY2023 −2.64 (0.32)
FY2022 −2.32 0.06
FY2021 −2.38 0.30
FY2020 −2.69 0.22
FY2019 −2.91 (0.32)
FY2018 −2.59 0.08
FY2017 −2.67 0.25
FY2016 −2.92 (0.40)

How fiscal 2025’s score is made up

Component This year Year before Result Points
Days’ sales in receivables index 1.03 — 0.95
Gross margin index 2.10 — 1.11
Asset quality index 1.07 — 0.43
Sales growth index 1.01 — 0.90
Depreciation index 0.89 — 0.10
SG&A index 1.02 — −0.17
Total accruals to total assets (0.10) — −0.48
Leverage index 1.04 — −0.34
Beneish M-score Low — no pattern the model associates with manipulation −2.34

How the Beneish M-score works

M = −4.84 + 0.920 × DSRI + 0.528 × GMI + 0.404 × AQI + 0.892 × SGI + 0.115 × DEPI − 0.172 × SGAI + 4.679 × TATA − 0.327 × LVGI (Beneish, 1999): eight changes in the accounts from one fiscal year to the next, which the model weighs for the pattern seen in companies that later restated their earnings. Higher is worse.

below −2.22Low — no pattern the model associates with manipulation
−2.22 to −1.78Elevated
above −1.78Flagged by the model

−1.78 is the cut-off usually quoted from the paper, −2.22 a common conservative one. A statistical screen, not a finding of wrongdoing.

When asset quality, depreciation or SG&A cannot be worked out, that index is set to 1, as Beneish did, and the breakdown says so; with all three missing there is no score. Depreciation includes amortisation, and asset quality leaves out securities. Not worked out for banks, insurers and REITs.

Beneish M-score against peers

Company Beneish M-score
RIVN Rivian Automotive, Inc. compare −8.3×
RACE Ferrari N.V. compare −2.8×
NIO NIO Inc. compare −2.6×
HMC Honda Motor Co., Ltd. compare −2.5×
GM General Motors Company compare −2.4×
F Ford Motor Company −2.3×
TM Toyota Motor Corporation compare −2.3×
LI Li Auto Inc. Sponsored ADR compare −2.1×
STLA Stellantis N.V. compare —

What Beneish M-score is

The Beneish M-Score combines eight year-on-year changes in the accounts into a statistical screen for patterns seen in companies that overstated earnings.

−4.84 + 0.920 × DSRI + 0.528 × GMI + 0.404 × AQI + 0.892 × SGI + 0.115 × DEPI − 0.172 × SGAI + 4.679 × TATA − 0.327 × LVGI

The full definition of Beneish M-score →

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