Nokia Corporation
NOK Technology Communication Equipment
Nokia Corporation’s revenue for fiscal 2025 (year ended December 2025) was $22.5 billion, up 8.20% from fiscal 2024. In the quarter to June 2026, revenue grew 8.48%, EPS fell 100.0%, free cash flow fell 624.6% and total debt fell 20.5%, each against the same quarter a year earlier.
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Nokia Corporation (NOK) Beneish M-score
Nokia Corporation's Beneish M-score for fiscal 2025 is −2.56; values above −1.78 are the model's flag for possible earnings manipulation — a statistical screen, not a finding.
Beneish M-score, annual
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Annual newest first
| Period | Beneish M-score | Change (points) |
|---|---|---|
| FY2025 | −2.56 | 0.04 |
| FY2024 | −2.60 | (0.01) |
| FY2023 | −2.60 | (0.37) |
| FY2022 | −2.23 | 0.18 |
| FY2021 | −2.41 | 0.61 |
| FY2020 | −3.02 | (0.56) |
| FY2019 | −2.46 | 0.34 |
| FY2018 | −2.80 | 0.14 |
| FY2017 | −2.94 | (1.87) |
| FY2016 | −1.07 | 1.36 |
How fiscal 2025’s score is made up
| Component | This year | Year before | Result | Points |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Days’ sales in receivables index | 0.93 | — | 0.85 | |
| Gross margin index | 1.06 | — | 0.56 | |
| Asset quality index | 1.06 | — | 0.43 | |
| Sales growth index | 1.08 | — | 0.97 | |
| Depreciation index | 1.03 | — | 0.12 | |
| SG&A index | 1.03 | — | −0.18 | |
| Total accruals to total assets | (0.04) | — | −0.18 | |
| Leverage index | 0.90 | — | −0.29 | |
| Beneish M-score | Low — no pattern the model associates with manipulation | −2.56 | ||
How the Beneish M-score works
M = −4.84 + 0.920 × DSRI + 0.528 × GMI + 0.404 × AQI + 0.892 × SGI + 0.115 × DEPI − 0.172 × SGAI + 4.679 × TATA − 0.327 × LVGI (Beneish, 1999): eight changes in the accounts from one fiscal year to the next, which the model weighs for the pattern seen in companies that later restated their earnings. Higher is worse.
| below −2.22 | Low — no pattern the model associates with manipulation |
|---|---|
| −2.22 to −1.78 | Elevated |
| above −1.78 | Flagged by the model |
−1.78 is the cut-off usually quoted from the paper, −2.22 a common conservative one. A statistical screen, not a finding of wrongdoing.
When asset quality, depreciation or SG&A cannot be worked out, that index is set to 1, as Beneish did, and the breakdown says so; with all three missing there is no score. Depreciation includes amortisation, and asset quality leaves out securities. Not worked out for banks, insurers and REITs.
Beneish M-score against peers
| Company | Beneish M-score |
|---|---|
| LITE Lumentum Holdings Inc. compare | −6.6× |
| CIEN Ciena Corporation compare | −2.9× |
| ZBRA Zebra Technologies Corporation compare | −2.6× |
| NOK Nokia Corporation | −2.6× |
| ERIC Ericsson compare | −2.5× |
| MSI Motorola Solutions, Inc. compare | −2.4× |
| HPE Hewlett Packard Enterprise Company compare | −2.3× |
| UI Ubiquiti Inc. compare | −2.1× |
| ASTS AST SpaceMobile, Inc. compare | 16.9× |
What Beneish M-score is
The Beneish M-Score combines eight year-on-year changes in the accounts into a statistical screen for patterns seen in companies that overstated earnings.
−4.84 + 0.920 × DSRI + 0.528 × GMI + 0.404 × AQI + 0.892 × SGI + 0.115 × DEPI − 0.172 × SGAI + 4.679 × TATA − 0.327 × LVGI